For pioneering technical contributions and engineering management leading to the development of the first commercial “chip-scale” atomic clock.

For exceptional leadership in the design, development, and operation of cold-atom microwave atomic clocks.

For the development of stable, reproducible, and accurate atomic clocks based on optical lattices, and the use of those clocks to probe fundamental atomic interactions and quantum many-body systems.

For the development and application of optical frequency combs to precision atomic timing

For his pioneering work on Chip-Scale Atomic Devices.

For intellectual leadership, selection and measurement of resonator structures for implementation in high performance frequency sources, essential to the determination of atomic resonance

For most significant contributions to high precision frequency control and measurements, in particular to optical frequency chains, the invention of the phase-coherent optical frequency interval division technique and early groundwork and demonstration of optical frequency combs and their use for frequency synthesis.

For outstanding contributions to the field of precise time keeping and time transfer, including pioneering research and development of GNSS time transfer, network time services, and the design of better time scales.

For outstanding experimental and theoretical contributions to the understanding of optical pumping using spectral lamps and lasers for improvement in Rubidium frequency standards used in terrestrial and space-based navigation and timekeeping systems.

For outstanding contributions to the field of atomic frequency standards, including pioneering research and development of optical frequency standards and their measurement.

For decisive contributions to the development of optical clocks, of fs-laser spectroscopy, and to the refinement of frequency measurement into the 19th digit of precision.

For seminal work on the time variation of fundamental constants and outstanding contributions to trapped ion clocks

For outstanding contributions to the invention and development of an optical lattice clock

Patrick Gill: "For profound and continuing contributions to time and frequency metrology and the outstanding realization of single ion optical frequency standards"
Leo Hollberg: "For seminal contribution to optical frequency metrology with the development of ultra stable optical frequency standards and related femtosecond clockwork"

For seminal contributions to laser spectroscopy and the realization of accurate optical frequency standards

For outstanding contributions to experimental quantum optics, precision spectroscopy, and optical frequency combs

For fundamental contributions to the development of ultra-high performance optical frequency standards, and for pioneering novel techniques and methods that enable the realization of optical standards and their applications in metrology

For outstanding contributions to the development, evaluation, and operation of primary frequency standards

For profound and continuing contributions to the understanding and advancement of the science of accuracy evaluation in primary frequency standards.

For outstanding contributions and scientific leadership in the development of a wide range of atomic clocks and oscillators supporting the U.S. space program.

For outstanding achievement in the development of high performance gas cell rubidium frequency standards and for contributions to the understanding of frequency stability analysis.

For outstanding contributions to the definition and the implementation of the concepts on which international time-keeping is based.

For the first laser cooling of any atomic species and the demonstration of innovative methods for laser cooling of trapped ions, providing the foundation for the next generation of atomic frequency standards

For the development and manufacture of the hydrogen maser for precision timekeeping applications.

For significant contributions to the improvement of the SI second through the realization of superior accuracy primary standards.

For major contributions to the characterization of noise and other instabilities of local oscillators and their effects on atomic frequency standards.

For his contributions to the application of quantum theory to the development of atomic frequency standards, and for this leadership in promoting the whole field and making it widely accessible to students and junior colleagues.

For contributions to hydrogen maser technology and applications.

For contributions and leadership in the development of the statistical theory, simulation and practical understanding of clock noise and the application of this understanding to the characterization of precision oscillators and atomic clocks.

For contributions to significant improvements in the accuracy and stability of cesium beam frequency standards.

For original contributions to the theoretical experimental foundations of microwave frequency standards and their metrology.

For consistent technical and managerial contributions to the development of atomic cesium, rubidium and mercury ion frequency standards.

For early development of worldwide clock synchronization through use of portable clocks; encouragement and support for the development of atomic frequency standards from their earliest days; and international leadership in the time and frequency community.

For contributions to cesium atomic beam and quartz frequency standards.

For his contributions to the development of atomic frequency standards, especially his scientific leadership, pioneering demonstration of the technology, and entrepreneurial initiative which led to the commercialization of atomic standards.

For his contributions to the development of atomic frequency standards.

For his contributions to the statistics of atomic clocks, measurement techniques, time scale and time coordination and distribution.

For theoretical and experimental contributions to atomic beam resonance spectroscopy leading to the development of practical atomic frequency standards.